Relative energy deficiency syndrome (RED-S) occurs when an athlete's energy intake is severely compromised for prolonged periods which cannot meet the energy demands of their sport/training or daily body functions. This energy imbalance affects multiple physiological systems, including metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular health. This can happen because the body prioritises its energy to essential body functions like heart and breathing while non-essential functions such as growth, bone remodelling and reproductive health are compromised.
Common signs and symptoms in people with RED-S can vary between individuals. The most common signs include
It commonly affects athletes involved in gymnastics, long-distance runners and light-weight-related sports like rowing and jockeying. It is important to consider other factors such as individuals who lack time for sufficient dietary intake throughout the day and individuals who have eating disorders.
Diagnosing RED-S requires a team approach. Often as physiotherapists, we are presented with musculoskeletal injuries as a result of RED-S and thus, if we suspect this condition could be at play, we may ask our patient to fill in a questionnaire designed to screen for RED-S. Together, with our the patient’s story and clinical testing, we are likely to recommend reviewing with a sports doctor for clinical diagnosis (which may require further testing such as bloods and a referral to a Dietitian).
Physiotherapy becomes important again in management of RED-S, as we they provide a rehabilitation program and manage load for individuals recovering.
If you have recently increased training loads and are unsure if your energy intake is sufficient. Book in with one of our Physiotherapists or consult with our Dietitian to screen if there are any signs of energy deficiency. Bookings available via our Client Portal or via 9431 5955.
